Strategies, as I said before, are plans the deal with situations at the army level. These are the "big picture" plans, and are generally fairly simple. In the real world, strategic planning deals with a lot of political issues, not just military ones. Thankfully, we're talking about wargames here. We can concentrate on the military aspect of strategy, and we don't have to sweat the political stuff.

In Warhammer 40k, many strategies will be determined by the objectives of the mission being played. For example, in the Cleanse mission victory is determined by who controls more territory, so your strategy could be as simple as "Hold onto your home table quarter and control more territory than your opponent".

I’m a big fan of simple tactics and strategies…but simple isn’t the same thing as easy. Most of the strategies and tactics that I will be talking about will look really simple. Getting them to work will take some practice. Also, no matter how good your plan, you need to be flexible.
 

Generally speaking, tactics are techniques for using weapons or units in combination for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. In military terms, tactics are the lowest level of planning, involving small units ranging from a few dozen to a few hundred men.

I'll be talking about a lot of different tactics in the following sections. I'll cover small scale tactics like moving units to gain advantage over an opponent, as well as tactics based on some of the special rules in Warhammer 40k (i.e. Infiltration, Deep Strike, etc.). Lastly, I'll look at some tactics specific to certain units and armies, like the "Shoot and Scoot" tactic of the Tau battlesuits or "Grots 101" for the Orks.

But there's more to winning than strategy and tactics...
 

By now you're probably thinking "There's a big difference between taking a hill and winning the war." You know what? You're right. There's a third level of gameplay, one that is very often overlooked, and not just in wargaming.

During the Vietnam War, the US Military won every major battle. Every single one. And yet they still lost the war. What they lacked was a concept that would later be known as 'Operational Art' - the ability to turn tactical victories into strategic gains.

You've probably seen this happen in wargaming as well, I know I have. One player will have a hard-hitting unit that destroys everything in it's path, but fails to achieve mission objectives, thus costing them the game. This isn't due to any fault of the unit per se, but in how it's used. I talked about this before, when players get carried away destroying the enemy and lose sight of the mission objectives. It's the classic case of "Win the battle, lose the war."

Where you engage the enemy on the battlefield is nearly as important as the outcome of those engagements. Let's use the Recon mission as an example. In Recon, each player is trying to get as many scoring units into enemy territory as possible while keeping his opponent from doing the same. If you keep the pressure on and engage the enemy on neutral ground (or better yet in his deployment zone), you're fighting on ground that is advantageous to you. Regardless of the outcome of the fight, the enemy is not on your turf.

Even if you lose the fight, as long as you bloody the opponents nose enough so the unit is not scoring, it won't gain any extra points for getting into your deployment zone. This is good example of 'Operational Art'. Even if you lose many of the individual fights, as long as the opponent's units are not on your turf, or are inneffectual when they get there, the best your opponent can hope for is a draw.

Tactical victories are meaningless unless they are part of a strategic plan to win the game. Likewise, tactical losses don't mean anything either as long as your strategy is successful. I've seen games where one player has obliterated the other army, but still lost because the other guy managed to acheive the objective. I've been on both ends of games like this. Believe me, the winning side is more gratifying. You feel like a real idiot when the casualty ratio is heavily in your favor, but you still lost because you didn't pay attention to what was really important.
 

A good player needs to have a firm grasp of all three levels of gameplay - the tactical, operational, and strategic. Without knowing how to turn tactical victories into operational ones, players can't accomplish strategic goals. They will continue to lose games without a clue as to what went wrong.

If Strategies and Tactics are the "What" of accomplishing battlefield objectives and winning games, Operational Art is the "How". In order to put this into practice, it's best to have a battle plan. Next up, I'll talk about at some large scale battle formations and tactics.